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Prakash
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Transportation in india? |
| In country like india had many problem\\\'s in providing quality of transportation to there citizens. Can any one put it clearly what are the basic reasons behind providing poor transportation facility |
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Yoge
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very bad system n transportation fild in india best is remove all tolls & octra. joint a all village to a national high way
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Arikatla
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India’s transport sector is large and diverse; it caters to the needs of 1.1 billion people. In 1997, the sector contributed 4.4 percent to the nation’s GDP, with road transportation contributing the lion’s share.
Good physical connectivity in the urban and rural areas is essential for economic growth. Since the early 1990s, India`s growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services by around 10 percent a year.
However, the sector has not been able to keep pace with rising demand and is proving to be a drag on the economy. Major improvements in the sector are therefore required to support the country`s continued economic growth and to reduce poverty.
Railways. Indian Railways is the largest railway in Asia and the fourth most heavily used system in the world. It carries some 14 million passengers a day and is one of the world’s largest employers. Till recently, the railways played a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India’s vast territory. However, with tariff policies that overcharge freight to subsidize passenger travel, the movement of freight is increasingly shifting from railways to roads.
Truck Loaded with Bricks
Roads. Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. The density of India’s highway network -- at 0.66 km of highway per square kilometer of land – is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and much greater than China`s (0.16) or Brazil`s (0.20). However, most highways in India are narrow and congested with poor surface quality, and 40 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads.
Rural Roads- A Lifeline for Villages in India: Connecting Hinterland to Social Services and markets
Ports. India has 12 major and 185 minor and intermediate ports along its vast coastline. These ports serve the country’s growing foreign trade in petroleum products, iron ore, and coal, as well as the increasing movement of containers. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped despite India`s 14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals.
Aviation. India has 60 airports, including 11 international airports. The dramatic increase in air traffic for both passengers and cargo in recent years has placed a heavy strain on the country`s four major airports.
Transport infrastructure in India is better developed in the southern and southwestern parts of the country.
Challenges
The major challenges facing the sector are:
* India’s roads are congested and of poor quality. Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. A quarter of all India`s highways are congested, reducing truck and bus speeds to 30-40 kmph. Most roads are of poor quality. Road maintenance remains significantly under-funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met. This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users. Rural Bike
* Rural areas have poor access. Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India`s population. Although the rural road network is extensive, some 40 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India`s northern and northeastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers.
* The railways are facing severe capacity constraints. All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints. Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic. Cars
* Urban centres are severely congested. In Mumbai and other metropolitan centers, roads are often severly congested during the rush hours. The dramatic growth in vehicle ownership – at some 15 percent a year during the past decade - has reduced rush hour speeds to 5-10 km an hour in the central areas of major cities.
* Ports are congested and inefficient. Port traffic has more than doubled during the 1990s, touching 521 million tons in 2004-05. This is expected to grow further to about 900 million tons by 2011-12. India`s ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.
Airport infrastructure is strained. Air traffic has been growing at over 15 percent a year leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for around 50 percent of nation’s air traffic.
Key Government Strategies
According to India’s Tenth Five Year Plan, the Government aims to modernize, expand, and integrate the country`s transport services. It also seeks to mobilize resources for this purpose and to gradually shift the role of government from that of a producer to an enabler. In recent years, the Government has made substantial efforts to tackle the sector’s shortcomings and to reform its transport institutions. These include:
* Increasing public funding for transportation in its Five Year Plans.
* Launching the ambitious National Highway Development Program with improved connectivity between Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, popularly called the Golden Quadrilateral, in the first phase, and now followed by a seven phase program ending in 2015.
* Financing the development and maintenance of roads by creating a Central Road Fund (CRF) through an earmarked tax on diesel and petrol.
* Operationalising the National Highway Authority to act as an infrastructure procurer and not just provider.
* Amending the National Highway Act to expedite land acquisition, permit private financing and allow tolling.
* Improving rural access by launching the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program).
* Reducing the congestion on rail corridors along the highly trafficked Golden Quadrilateral and improving port connectivity by launching the National Rail Vikas Yojana (National Railway Development Program) and more recently the development of dedicated freight corridor.
* Upgrading infrastructure and connectivity in the country`s twelve major ports by initiating the National Maritime Development Program.
* Privatization and expansion of the Mumbai and New Delhi Airports.
* Enhancing sector capacity and improving efficiencies through clear policy directive for greater private sector participation. Large parts of the NHDP and NMDP are to be executed through public private partnerships (PPP).
World Bank Support
The World Bank has been a major investor in the transport sector in India. Till 2007, it has provided 17 loans for improving the national and state highways and rural roads, as well as urban transportation in Mumbai. It has also provided 18 loans for the railways.
At present, World Bank’s total loan commitments for the transport sector in India are US$4.95 billion. The main activities include:
India Highway
* National Highway Development Project: The World Bank is financing highway construction on the Agra-Dhanbad and Lucknow-Muzaffarpur corridors. It is also involved in other sector activities such as improving road transport efficiency, upgrading road safety, and improving asset management.
* Rural Roads Program: The program provides for the provision of all weather roads to villages in four states – Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. Following the success of these projects loans for another five states are being prepared.
* State Roads Projects: State Highways are being upgraded in the states of Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. In addition, loans for another 3 states are under preparation.
* Mumbai Urban Transport Project: The project aims to improve transportation in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region by fostering the development of an efficient and sustainable urban transport system - suburban rail, bus and link roads - and building effective institutions.
In addition to the above, the Bank is involved in the preparation of various analytical works (AAA) in the transport sector in India. These include:
Ports
* India Port Sector Study: The purpose of the proposed effort is to review the demand-supply situation with respect to the port sector, identify physical, financial and policy constraints to sector development and suggest mitigation measures for the same.
Construction Industry
* India Construction Industry Study: Given the large development programs being launched to support the rapidly growing economy, the supply side constraints in terms of the construction industry capacity are a serious cause of concern. The study shall review these limitations and suggest mitigation measures. This study has produced two outputs titled "Indian Road Construction Industry: Ready for Growth?" and "Indian Road Construction Industry - Capacity Issues, Contraints and Recommendations".
While the Bank will continue to support the upgrading and development of roads and highways in the country, it plans to scale up its involvement in urban transportation, railways and ports.
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Aman
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India is a developing country.And we stands second in terms of population.Our resources are not enough to meet the needs of present population.We have heard that Chota Pariwar-Sukhi Pariwar.But our family is very big and our GDP is not enough to meet the requirements.
Morever corruption is also contributing towards it. Half of money goes to pocket of authorities and the staffs of transportation ministry.
So to check this we should learn to exercise our rights like RTI(right to information)
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